Think in regions, not rankings.
The biggest country or most visited capital is often the first thing you recall. Try mentally moving through a region: the Baltic, southern Africa, or the Pacific. Ask whether the question wants a country, a territory, a capital, or any city. These boundaries matter more than how unusual the name sounds.
Example: for a landlocked country, shift from Switzerland to southern Africa and consider Lesotho. The move is geographical, but the answer still obeys the original boundary.
For rivers and mountains, distinguish a whole range from one summit, and a river from the city beside it. Learn one accurate example from each unfamiliar region after a round.
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